Marrakech to Merzouga Desert Tour: An Overview
A Marrakech To Merzouga Desert Tour is one of the most memorable ways to discover southern Morocco. The journey connects the lively atmosphere of Marrakech with the High Atlas Mountains, historic Kasbahs, dramatic valleys, and the golden dunes of the Sahara. Along the route, travelers can experience several different landscapes and cultural environments instead of visiting only one destination.
Moreover, the journey itself is an important part of the experience. Rather than traveling directly from Marrakech to the desert, a well-planned itinerary can include Ait Ben Haddou, Ouarzazate, the Dades Valley, Todra Gorge, and finally Merzouga. As a result, travelers can enjoy a complete Moroccan adventure that combines culture, nature, history, food, and desert experiences.
Why Choose a Marrakech to Merzouga Desert Tour?
There are many reasons to choose desert tours from Marrakech that continue toward Merzouga. First, the route offers a remarkable change of scenery. Marrakech is known for its Medina, souks, riads, gardens, and traditional architecture. As you travel south and east, the landscape gradually changes into mountains, valleys, rocky plateaus, and finally the Sahara Desert.
Furthermore, the journey allows travelers to experience several of the Best Activities In Morocco during one trip. You can explore historic sites, walk through mountain landscapes, discover traditional villages, enjoy Moroccan food, take photographs, ride camels, and spend a night in a desert camp. Therefore, the route can be suitable for couples, families, friends, photographers, and first-time visitors.
Starting Your Journey in Marrakech
Before beginning your Marrakech To Merzouga Desert Tour, consider spending enough time exploring Marrakech. The city is one of the most popular starting points for Morocco Desert Tours, and it offers many attractions before you even leave for the Sahara.
For example, your Marrakech Travel Guide can include Jemaa el-Fnaa, the Medina, traditional souks, historic palaces, gardens, and local restaurants. In addition, travelers looking for different Morocco Activities can enjoy a Marrakech Street Food Tour, explore the city by bike, or even try a Marrakech Sidecar Ride Adventure.
Things to Do in Marrakech Before Your Desert Tour
If you have one or two extra days, there are plenty of Things To Do In Marrakech before starting your desert journey. You can explore the narrow streets of the Medina, visit historic monuments, shop for traditional products, and discover the city’s famous food scene.
Moreover, Marrakech is a useful place to prepare for the desert. You can purchase travel essentials, organize your luggage, and make sure you have suitable clothing and personal items. For this reason, spending additional time in Marrakech can make the beginning of your desert journey more relaxed.
Marrakech to Merzouga Route at a Glance
The classic Marrakech To Merzouga Desert Tour route crosses the High Atlas Mountains before continuing toward Ait Ben Haddou and Ouarzazate. From there, travelers can continue through the Dades Valley and Todra Gorge before reaching Merzouga and the Erg Chebbi dunes.
However, the exact route depends on the number of days and the type of tour. A shorter itinerary focuses on the main highlights, while a longer journey allows more time for exploration. Therefore, travelers should choose an itinerary based not only on the number of places included but also on the amount of time available at each destination.
TOURS FROM MARRAKECH:
2 Days Zagora Desert Tour from Marrakech
3 Days Marrakesh to Fes Desert Tour
3 Days Morocco Desert Tour from Marrakech to Merzouga
4 Days Marrakech to Fes Desert Tour
5 Days Desert Tour From Marrakech to Fes
5 Days Morocco Desert Tour from Marrakech
Marrakech to Fes Desert Tour 4 Days
6 Days Desert Tour from Marrakech
8 Days Morocco Tour from Marrakech
10 Days Morocco Grand Tour From Marrakech
Day 1: Marrakech to Ait Ben Haddou and Dades Valley
The first day usually begins in Marrakech. The journey heads toward the High Atlas Mountains, where the road climbs through impressive mountain scenery. As the route continues, the urban environment gradually gives way to valleys, villages, and rural landscapes.
Next, many itineraries continue toward Ait Ben Haddou. After exploring this historic site, the journey can continue through the Ouarzazate region and toward the Dades Valley. By the end of the day, travelers can enjoy a completely different environment from Marrakech and prepare for the next stage of the journey.
Crossing the High Atlas Mountains
Crossing the High Atlas Mountains is one of the most scenic parts of the route. The landscape changes as the road climbs higher, with mountain peaks, valleys, villages, and changing vegetation appearing along the way.
In addition, the mountains provide excellent opportunities for photography. Travelers can stop at viewpoints, observe traditional villages, and enjoy the contrast between the busy city they left behind and the quieter mountain environment. As a result, the journey becomes an experience in its own right.
Ait Ben Haddou: A Major Stop
Ait Ben Haddou is one of the most recognizable historic sites on the route. The fortified settlement is known for its traditional earthen architecture, narrow pathways, walls, and towers.
Furthermore, Ait Ben Haddou offers a strong cultural and visual contrast to Marrakech. Travelers can explore the historic structures and surrounding landscape before continuing toward the desert. For photographers, the combination of architecture, textures, and natural scenery can provide excellent opportunities for travel photography.
Ouarzazate and the Road Toward Merzouga
After Ait Ben Haddou, many Desert Tours Morocco continue toward Ouarzazate. The region acts as a transition between the High Atlas Mountains and the desert areas farther east.
As the journey continues, the landscape becomes drier and more open. Meanwhile, small communities, valleys, rocky landscapes, and traditional architecture appear along the road. This gradual change makes the route interesting because the Sahara experience begins long before arriving in Merzouga.
Dades Valley: A Scenic Stop
The Dades Valley is another important stop on many Morocco Desert Tours. The region offers dramatic rock formations, winding roads, valleys, and traditional settlements.
Moreover, spending time in the Dades Valley breaks the long journey into smaller stages. Instead of traveling directly toward Merzouga, travelers can enjoy another part of southern Morocco. For this reason, the Dades Valley is often included in longer desert itineraries.
Day 2: Dades Valley to Todra Gorge and Merzouga
The second day continues toward southeastern Morocco. One of the main attractions along this section is Todra Gorge, where impressive rock walls create a dramatic natural setting.
After visiting the gorge, the journey continues toward Merzouga. Gradually, the landscape becomes more open and dry. Finally, the first views of the Sahara dunes begin to appear. Arriving in Merzouga marks an important moment because travelers are now entering the desert environment.
Todra Gorge Travel Experience
Todra Gorge provides a completely different landscape from the Sahara. The high rock walls and narrow passage create an impressive natural environment that is suitable for walking and photography.
In addition, the gorge adds variety to the journey. Instead of experiencing only desert landscapes, travelers can enjoy mountains and rock formations before reaching Merzouga. Consequently, the overall trip offers a much broader view of southern Morocco.
Arriving in Merzouga
Merzouga is the gateway to the Erg Chebbi dunes and one of the main destinations for Sahara Desert Tours Morocco. The landscape around the town is dramatically different from the mountains and valleys visited earlier.
Here, travelers can experience wide horizons, sand dunes, desert camps, and changing light. Furthermore, Merzouga provides opportunities for camel trekking and overnight desert experiences. As a result, it is often the highlight of the entire Marrakech desert journey.
Erg Chebbi Dunes and the Sahara
The Erg Chebbi dunes are among the most famous desert landscapes in Morocco. Their large sand formations create a striking environment for photography, walking, and outdoor experiences.
Moreover, the desert offers a slower rhythm than the cities and roads. Instead of constantly moving between attractions, travelers can enjoy the silence, landscape, and open horizon. In contrast to the busy streets of Marrakech, the Sahara provides a much calmer atmosphere.
Camel Rides in Merzouga
Camel Rides In Merzouga are a popular part of the desert experience. Travelers can ride through the dunes toward their desert camp, often during the afternoon or around sunset.
The camel ride also provides an opportunity to experience the landscape at a slower pace. Instead of traveling by vehicle, you can move through the dunes and observe the changing colors and shapes of the sand. At the same time, it is important to follow the guidance of the local team and treat the animals responsibly.
Sunset in the Sahara
Sunset is one of the most memorable moments of a Merzouga Desert Tour. As the sun moves lower, shadows become longer and the dunes can change color.
For photographers, this is an excellent time to capture landscapes and silhouettes. However, it is also worth putting the camera away for a few minutes and simply enjoying the scenery. After all, the desert experience is about more than photographs.
Merzouga Desert Camp Experience
Spending a night in a Merzouga Desert Camp Morocco is one of the highlights of the journey. Depending on the selected camp, travelers can stay in traditional tents or more comfortable luxury accommodation.
In the evening, guests can enjoy dinner, local music, and time around the camp. Later, the quiet desert environment provides an opportunity to relax and enjoy the night sky. Therefore, an overnight stay offers a much more complete Sahara experience than a short desert excursion.
Luxury Desert Camp Morocco
Travelers looking for additional comfort can choose a luxury desert camp. Depending on the accommodation, facilities may include comfortable beds, private bathrooms, spacious tents, and additional services.
This option can be particularly suitable for couples and travelers interested in Luxury Morocco Tours. Similarly, visitors booking Luxury Private Tours can combine comfortable accommodation with a personalized route through southern Morocco.
Day 3: Sahara Sunrise and the Return Journey
The final day often begins with sunrise over the dunes. Early morning can provide soft light and peaceful desert scenery.
After breakfast, travelers usually leave the desert and begin the next stage of their journey. Depending on the itinerary, they may return toward Marrakech or continue toward another Moroccan destination. For this reason, it is important to check the complete route before booking.
Sahara Sunrise Experience
Sunrise in the Sahara provides a completely different atmosphere from sunset. The desert is quiet, and the first light gradually illuminates the dunes.
Furthermore, the cooler morning conditions can make it a comfortable time to explore the surroundings. For photography lovers, sunrise can also provide soft light and strong shadows. As a result, it is often one of the most memorable moments of the desert experience.
How Long Should a Marrakech to Merzouga Tour Be?
The ideal length depends on your travel style. A three-day Merzouga Desert Tour can cover the main highlights, but it also involves substantial driving.
On the other hand, four or five days can provide a slower pace. Travelers can spend more time in the valleys, explore additional locations, and enjoy the desert without feeling rushed. Therefore, visitors with more available time should consider a longer itinerary.
Three-Day Marrakech to Merzouga Desert Tour
A three-day itinerary can include Marrakech, the High Atlas Mountains, Ait Ben Haddou, Ouarzazate, Dades Valley, Todra Gorge, and Merzouga.
The first day generally focuses on the mountains and southern valleys. The second day continues toward Merzouga, while the final day begins with the Sahara sunrise before the return journey. Overall, this option works well for travelers who have limited vacation time.
Four-Day Marrakech to Merzouga Desert Tour
A four-day route provides more flexibility. Instead of rushing through each stop, travelers can spend additional time exploring the valleys and desert landscapes.
Moreover, an extra day can make the journey more comfortable. It can also allow time for photography, cultural experiences, or additional stops. For this reason, four days may be a useful option for travelers who want a balance between sightseeing and relaxation.
Five-Day and Longer Desert Itineraries
A five-day or longer itinerary can provide an even slower experience. Travelers can combine Marrakech, Ait Ben Haddou, Ouarzazate, Dades Valley, Todra Gorge, Merzouga, and other destinations.
In addition, longer Morocco Itineraries can connect the desert with Fes or other cities. Travelers who are planning a wider Morocco Travel Package can therefore include the Sahara as one part of a larger Moroccan adventure.
A 7 Days Morocco Itinerary Including Merzouga
If you have one week, a 7 Days Morocco Itinerary can combine Marrakech, the Sahara, and another major Moroccan city. For example, travelers can spend time in Marrakech before crossing the Atlas Mountains and continuing toward Merzouga.
After the desert experience, the journey can continue toward Fes or another destination. As a result, a seven-day route can provide a broader introduction to Morocco without requiring an extremely long vacation.
Best Time for a Marrakech to Merzouga Desert Tour
The best time for a Marrakech To Merzouga Desert Tour depends on the weather, your activities, and your personal preferences. Spring and autumn can be attractive for travelers who want to combine city exploration with outdoor activities.
Winter and summer are also possible, but temperatures can vary significantly between the city, mountains, and desert. Therefore, travelers should prepare for different conditions during the same journey.
Spring Travel to Merzouga
Spring can be a comfortable period for exploring Morocco’s cities and landscapes. The route offers a mixture of mountain scenery, valleys, historic sites, and desert environments.
Furthermore, spring can be useful for travelers who want to combine outdoor activities with sightseeing. Comfortable clothing and good walking shoes can make the journey easier.
Autumn Travel to the Sahara
Autumn is another popular period for desert travel. The route can provide suitable conditions for exploring outdoor locations and spending time in Merzouga.
However, weather conditions can change. Therefore, travelers should check conditions before departure and prepare clothing that can handle temperature differences between day and night.
Winter in the Moroccan Desert
Winter can offer a different Sahara experience. Daytime conditions can be comfortable, while evenings and early mornings can become cold.
For this reason, warm layers are important when staying in a Merzouga Desert Camp Morocco during winter. Travelers should also check the accommodation facilities before booking.
Summer Desert Travel
Summer can be hot in the desert, particularly during the middle of the day. Travelers visiting Merzouga during this period should plan activities around cooler times whenever possible.
In addition, hydration and sun protection become particularly important. A well-organized Marrakech Desert Tour can help arrange activities at suitable times.
What to Pack for a Marrakech to Merzouga Tour
Packing for the journey requires preparation for several different environments. Comfortable clothes, walking shoes, sunglasses, sunscreen, a reusable water bottle, and personal items are useful throughout the trip.
What to Wear in Morocco
Knowing What To Wear In Morocco can make the journey more comfortable. Lightweight clothing can be useful during warm days, while layers are helpful in the mountains and desert evenings.
Furthermore, comfortable shoes are important because the itinerary can include walking through historic sites, valleys, gorges, and desert areas. Travelers staying overnight in the Sahara should also bring warmer clothing during cooler seasons.
Camera and Photography Equipment
The route offers many opportunities for travel photography. Mountains, valleys, Kasbahs, roads, villages, dunes, and desert camps all provide different subjects.
However, professional equipment is not essential. A smartphone can also produce excellent travel photographs. In fact, observation, composition, timing, and natural light often matter more than the price of the camera.
Moroccan Food Along the Route
Food is another important part of the journey. Travelers can experience Moroccan dishes in Marrakech, along the route, and at desert camps.
A Moroccan Food Guide can help visitors understand dishes such as tagine, couscous, Moroccan salads, pastries, and mint tea. In addition, travelers who spend time in Marrakech before the tour can join a Marrakech Street Food Tour to discover local flavors.
Private Morocco Tours vs Group Tours
Travelers can choose between group and private Morocco Desert Tours. Group tours can provide a structured itinerary and allow travelers to share the experience with other visitors.
By contrast, Private Morocco Tours can offer more flexibility. Travelers may have greater control over the pace, stops, and daily schedule. For example, families may want additional breaks, while photographers may want more time at scenic locations.
Benefits of Private Morocco Tours
A private tour can be adapted to your interests. Instead of following a fixed schedule, you may be able to spend more time at specific attractions or make additional stops.
Moreover, private travel can work well for couples, families, and small groups. Travelers can discuss their priorities before the journey and create a route that matches their expectations.
Luxury Morocco Tours and Desert Experiences
Travelers interested in premium experiences can combine the route with Luxury Morocco Tours. This can include private transportation, comfortable accommodation, and a luxury desert camp.
Similarly, Luxury Private Tours can be designed for travelers who want more flexibility and personalized service. As a result, the Marrakech to Merzouga route can be adapted to different budgets and travel styles.
Is Morocco Safe for Tourists?
One of the common questions before booking a desert journey is Is Morocco Safe for tourists? Travelers should follow normal travel precautions, respect local customs, protect personal belongings, and follow the guidance of their tour provider.
Furthermore, basic Morocco Travel Tips can make the journey easier. Keep important documents secure, carry enough water, follow the planned itinerary, and communicate with your guide if you have specific needs. Overall, preparation is an important part of a comfortable trip.
Is the Route Suitable for Families?
The route can work well for families, although parents should consider the amount of driving involved. A three-day itinerary can include long road journeys, so regular breaks may be useful.
A private itinerary can provide additional flexibility for families. Parents can discuss the pace and accommodation preferences before booking. Therefore, families should choose an itinerary that matches the children’s ages and travel needs.
Is the Tour Suitable for Couples?
A Honeymoon In Morocco can include a desert experience as part of a romantic itinerary. Marrakech, the Atlas Mountains, the Sahara, and a desert camp can create a varied journey.
Moreover, Morocco Honeymoon Tours Packages can combine private transportation, luxury accommodation, and desert experiences. Couples can therefore enjoy the Sahara while maintaining a comfortable and personalized travel style.
Best Activities in Morocco Beyond the Sahara
The Sahara is one of many possible experiences in Morocco. The country’s different regions offer a wide range of Morocco Activities.
Depending on the destination and season, travelers can consider Camel Rides In Merzouga, hiking, cultural tours, food experiences, Golfing In Morocco, Windsurfing In Morocco, and Rafting In Morocco. In addition, Marrakech offers activities such as cycling, street food tours, and sidecar experiences.
Other Adventures to Consider
Travelers with additional time can explore activities beyond the classic desert route. For example, coastal destinations can offer water-based experiences, while mountain areas can provide outdoor adventures.
However, these activities should be added according to the season and route. For this reason, travelers should not try to include every activity in one short trip. A balanced itinerary usually provides a better experience.
How to Choose the Right Desert Tour
Start by deciding how many days you have. Next, determine whether you prefer a group tour or Private Morocco Tours.
Then, review the itinerary carefully. Check the accommodation, transportation, meals, camel ride, desert camp, and any additional activities. Finally, compare the route with your personal interests before booking.
What Is Usually Included?
The exact inclusions vary between Desert Tours Morocco. Many tours include transportation, accommodation, selected meals, and the desert experience.
Some itineraries also include camel trekking and a night in a desert camp. However, entrance fees, drinks, tips, and personal expenses may not always be included. Therefore, read the tour description carefully.
What Is Usually Not Included?
Personal expenses are generally separate from the tour price. These can include drinks, souvenirs, optional activities, tips, and other services.
If you have specific requirements, ask your tour provider before booking. For example, travelers may want to confirm private rooms, camp facilities, luggage arrangements, or additional stops.
Marrakech to Merzouga Travel Tips
A successful Marrakech To Merzouga Desert Tour begins with realistic expectations. The route covers a large distance, so road travel is an important part of the experience.
Moreover, it is better to leave some flexibility in the schedule. Weather, road conditions, and time spent at attractions can affect the daily plan. As a result, a flexible itinerary is often more comfortable than a schedule that is planned minute by minute.
Keep Important Items With You
Keep your passport, phone, wallet, medication, charger, camera, and other essential items accessible during the journey.
A small day bag can also be useful for the desert camp. In addition, ask your tour provider how luggage will be handled when traveling into the desert.
Stay Hydrated in the Desert
Hydration is particularly important in Merzouga. The dry environment and outdoor activities can increase your need for water.
Therefore, carry a reusable bottle and drink regularly. Sunscreen, sunglasses, a hat, and suitable clothing can also make the experience more comfortable.
Respect Local Communities
The route passes through villages and communities where people live and work. Travelers should respect local customs and private spaces.
When photographing identifiable people, ask permission when appropriate. Furthermore, polite and respectful interactions can create a more positive experience for both travelers and local communities.
Other Morocco Travel Itineraries
The Marrakech to Merzouga route can also become part of a broader Morocco Itineraries plan. Travelers with more time can connect the Sahara with Fes, Casablanca, Tangier, or other destinations.
For example, a longer Morocco Travel Package can include Marrakech, Merzouga, Fes, and Chefchaouen. Similarly, travelers arriving through another city can organize the route in reverse or combine several tours.
Marrakech to Merzouga and Fes
Some travelers choose to continue from Merzouga toward Fes rather than returning to Marrakech. This creates a different route and can reduce the need to repeat the same road.
A broader itinerary can therefore include a desert experience followed by Fes and northern Morocco. As a result, travelers can experience both southern landscapes and historic imperial cities during one trip.
Marrakech to Merzouga or Zagora?
Merzouga and Zagora both provide desert experiences, but they offer different routes and landscapes. Merzouga is particularly associated with the Erg Chebbi dunes and longer Sahara journeys.
Zagora is closer to Marrakech and can be considered by travelers with less time. However, the best choice depends on your preferred route, available days, accommodation, and the type of desert experience you want.
Marrakech to Merzouga for First-Time Visitors
First-time visitors can enjoy the route because it introduces several different Moroccan environments in one journey. Marrakech provides an introduction to Moroccan urban life, while the road toward Merzouga reveals mountains, valleys, Kasbahs, and desert landscapes.
However, travelers should remember that this is a long journey. For this reason, planning enough time is important. A rushed itinerary may reduce the opportunity to enjoy each stop.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
One common mistake is trying to visit too many places in too few days. Although a long list of destinations may look attractive, excessive driving can leave little time for exploration.
Another mistake is focusing only on Merzouga. In fact, the journey through the Atlas Mountains, Ait Ben Haddou, Dades Valley, and Todra Gorge is an important part of the experience.
Frequently Asked Questions About Marrakech to Merzouga Desert Tours
How long is a Marrakech to Merzouga Desert Tour?
A Marrakech To Merzouga Desert Tour is normally planned as a multi-day journey because of the distance and the number of stops along the route. A three-day itinerary can cover the main highlights.
However, four or five days can provide a more relaxed experience. Therefore, travelers with more time should consider a longer itinerary.
What are the main stops between Marrakech and Merzouga?
Major stops can include the High Atlas Mountains, Ait Ben Haddou, Ouarzazate, Dades Valley, Todra Gorge, and Merzouga.
Each location provides something different. For example, Ait Ben Haddou offers historic architecture, the valleys provide mountain scenery, and Merzouga provides the Sahara experience.
Are Camel Rides In Merzouga included?
Many Merzouga Desert Tours include a camel ride as part of the desert experience. The ride often takes place around the afternoon or sunset.
Nevertheless, inclusions vary between tours. Therefore, confirm the itinerary before booking.
Can I stay in a luxury desert camp?
Yes. Travelers can choose from different types of Merzouga Desert Camp Morocco accommodation.
Luxury options can provide additional comfort and facilities. In addition, they can be suitable for couples, families, and travelers booking luxury private journeys.
Can I book Private Morocco Tours?
Yes. Private Morocco Tours can provide greater flexibility and allow travelers to organize the journey around their interests.
For example, a private itinerary can include additional photography stops, longer breaks, or specific accommodation preferences.
Is three days enough for Marrakech to Merzouga?
Three days can be enough to experience the main route and spend a night in the Sahara. However, the itinerary involves considerable road travel.
If you prefer a slower pace, four days or longer may be more suitable.
What should I wear in the Sahara?
Comfortable clothing and walking shoes are recommended. During warmer periods, lightweight clothing and sun protection can help.
In cooler seasons, bring warm layers because desert nights can become cold. For this reason, travelers should prepare for both daytime and nighttime conditions.
When is the best time for a Merzouga Desert Tour?
Spring and autumn can be comfortable periods for many travelers. Winter and summer are also possible but can involve different temperature conditions.
Ultimately, the best period depends on your travel dates and personal preferences.
Can I combine Marrakech and Merzouga with Fes?
Yes. Many travelers choose to continue from Merzouga toward Fes instead of returning directly to Marrakech.
This can create a broader Morocco itinerary. As a result, you can experience the Sahara and one of Morocco’s historic imperial cities in the same journey.
Final Thoughts
A Marrakech To Merzouga Desert Tour offers much more than a journey from one city to another. The route brings together the High Atlas Mountains, Ait Ben Haddou, Ouarzazate, Dades Valley, Todra Gorge, Merzouga, and the Erg Chebbi dunes.
Moreover, the trip can be adapted to different travel styles. You can choose a short three-day desert trip, a longer itinerary, a private experience, or a luxury desert camp. At the same time, you can add cultural experiences, Moroccan food, photography, and other activities.
Whether you are planning a first trip to Morocco, a family vacation, a Honeymoon In Morocco, or one of the many Morocco Tour Packages, the Marrakech to Merzouga route can be an important part of your itinerary.
Finally, good planning is the key to enjoying the journey. Choose a realistic route, allow enough time for the main stops, prepare for changing temperatures, and select accommodation that matches your expectations. With the right itinerary, your Marrakech to Merzouga journey can become one of the most memorable experiences of your Morocco trip.
Plan Your Marrakech to Merzouga Desert Tour
Ready to explore the Sahara? Trip To Morocco Tours can help you organize a Marrakech to Merzouga journey around your travel dates, preferred route, accommodation style, and activities.
Whether you are looking for Morocco Desert Tours, Private Morocco Tours, Luxury Morocco Tours, or a customized desert itinerary, choose a route that gives you enough time to enjoy both the journey and the destination.
Start planning your Marrakech to Merzouga Desert Tour and discover the mountains, valleys, historic Kasbahs, and Sahara dunes of Morocco.
